{"id":7063,"date":"2026-04-15T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T03:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.srotefeatures.in\/srote\/?p=7063"},"modified":"2026-04-08T10:36:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T05:06:23","slug":"%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%aa-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.srotefeatures.in\/srote\/2026\/04\/%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%aa-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u0928-\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e: \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u092e.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0932\u094c<\/strong>\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 (iron ore mining) \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0927\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e (Dalli Rajhara, Chhattisgarh) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0920\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091c\u0940\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 (labor movement history), \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0906\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0902\u0924\u0915\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0924\u093e-\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 (Shaheed Hospital model)\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915-\u090f\u0915 \u0908\u0902\u091f \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e-\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e (memorial plaque) – \u091c\u094b 3 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1983 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u093e\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 – \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0932\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930) \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0916\u094b\u0930 (\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091d\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947-\u092c\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917)\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u093e\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e, \u092d\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f (Bhilai Steel Plant – \u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u092a\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u2018\u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e’ \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0926 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0938\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 90 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 2011 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 44,000 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 100 \u0938\u0947 150 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930, \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u2018\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f-\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940’ (OPD) \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u0949\u092c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0942\u092c \u0906\u0935\u0915-\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0907\u0938 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947, \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0949\u092c\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935, \u0930\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0926, \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0930, \u091a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0917\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u090f \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (working class patients) \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u091a\u093e\u0916\u091a \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e-\u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947, \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924: \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 (workers struggle) \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0902\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0939-\u091c\u093c\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u091b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0938 \u0939\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 (mine workers protest) \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e; \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (workers protest movement) \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e-\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u091a-\u092c\u0938 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 (trade union history) \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092b \u091d\u0932\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (internal democracy system) \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940, \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (organizational decisions) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u201c\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u201d, \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e-\u092b\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0925\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940-\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0938\u094b\u0902 (democratic process challenges) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0921\u093f\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0942 – \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u2018\u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e’ \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 70 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u091f\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 (retired mine worker) \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923-\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0935 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e (community health worker) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e; \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920 \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u2018\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928’ (Red Maidan protest) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0909\u0938 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0920\u0947\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 (contract labor issues) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0928\u092a \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u0935\u0939 1977 \u0915\u0947 \u2018\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928’ \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (1977 labor protest)  \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0908\u0964 \u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u091f\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u091c\u093c \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0936 \u092d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u201c\u0909\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 70 \u0930\u0941\u092a\u090f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0928\u0916\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939 300 \u0930\u0941\u092a\u090f \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0926\u0930\u0905\u0938\u0932, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (labor union protest) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0920\u0947\u0915\u093e \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947; \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091a\u0924\u0947-\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0928\u0938, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u092c\u0930\u0928 \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0906\u0935\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u091d\u094b\u092a\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 (labor welfare demands) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u2018\u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918’ (CMSS) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u0916\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e, \u201c\u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0932\u093e (Nelson Mandela inspiration) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e? \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926 \u0907\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0907\u0928\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c \u2013 \u090f \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u092e\u0949\u092f\u0930<\/em> (Inside Chhattisgarh – A Political Memoir<\/em>) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u201c1977 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0928\u0908 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0940, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940\u091f\u094b\u0932\u093e \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0938\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u092e\u0940\u0938\u093e – MISA Act India) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964\u201d \u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092b \u0925\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (labor movement leadership) \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0917\u0921\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0917\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 (social movement impact) \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935 \u2018\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917’ \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f 17 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u2018\u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932’ \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0909\u0928 11 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0924 (martyrs memorial) \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b 1977 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u2018\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928’ \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0928\u0947 1981 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u2018\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e’ (volunteer health worker) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u091d\u094b\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940 (\u0917\u0948\u0930\u093e\u091c) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 2012 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0941\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u2018\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e’ \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0926\u0940 (Bhopal gas tragedy relief) \u0914\u0930 1993 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0942\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a (Latur earthquake relief) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940-\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u091b\u0941\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0940\u0902 – \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u094c\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0922\u093c \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e (\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e-activism) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u2018\u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923’ (struggle and development concept) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e, \u201c\u0939\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0917\u094d\u0917\u0942 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0908, \u201c\u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u092b\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u092c \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u091c \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0938\u0941\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0908 (maternal death case) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0908\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u201c\u0915\u0941\u0938\u0941\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (health access issue) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u0938\u0941\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0920\u0947\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 (contract workers healthcare) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u2013 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0928 (Binayak Sen), \u0906\u0936\u0940\u0937 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0942, \u092a\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e, \u0938\u0948\u092c\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0928 \u0935\u0917\u0948\u0930\u0939\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0902\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0927\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

69 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 (domestic violence) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0914\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0918\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u2018\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0928\u2019 (women stigma) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e, \u201c\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0918\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0947-\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964\u201d \u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u093c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0939\u094c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0928\u093e\u0939 \u0932\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0936\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u201c\u0909\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0939\u0930 \u0909\u0920\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0902\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e, \u0924\u092c \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 (support system) \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u201c\u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0930\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964\u201d \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u0947 \u092d\u0930 \u0906\u0908\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u0940\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0917\u090f, \u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940-\u0938\u0940 \u091d\u094b\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e-\u0938\u093e \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e (small clinic beginning) \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 (modern hospital setup) \u092c\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940, \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0938\u0947 (low funding healthcare) \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0921 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 (David Werner book) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u2018\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u094b<\/em> (\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0907\u091c\u093c \u0928\u094b \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/em> – <\/em>Where There Is No Doctor) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u090f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921-\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u2018\u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0925\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u092e (multi tasking healthcare) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0939\u092e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0927\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964’ \u0935\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (rural setup hospital) \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930, \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0918\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u201c\u0939\u092e \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908-\u0915\u0908 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0938\u0941\u092c\u0939 11 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0924 12 \u092c\u091c\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 (unpaid work) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0905\u092c, 150 \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 – \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940, \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0942\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0948\u0902 – \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 (people powered healthcare) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0940\u0938 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092e\u0926\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u093e\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0947\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (collective management) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f-\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (OPD) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0928 200 \u092e\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938 \u0936\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0930\u0940\u0922\u093c \u0939\u0948\u0902 70 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0921\u0949. \u0938\u0948\u092c\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e (Dr Saibal Jana), \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u2018\u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930’ \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0942 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 40 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947, \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 (egalitarian values) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0926-\u0915\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947, \u0926\u093f\u0932 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0902\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u092a\u091f\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u201c\u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 (clinical observation) \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e-\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u094c\u0932\u0924 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u2018\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928’ (public health movement) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0917\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915, \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u092c\u092a\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (pharma industry critique) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915, \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u2018\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923’ (semi mechanization concept) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u201c\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0928 \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0936 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d \u2018\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923’ \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938 (AI debate) \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 CMSS \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0939\u094b – labor surplus economy) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964’ CMSS \u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u201c\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0939\u093e\u091c\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 (human vs machine) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u2018\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e (human intelligence) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092b\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u201c\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u201d \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (capital intensive technology) \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 (people\u2019s science centric approach) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u0949. \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0941\u0938\u092b\u0941\u0939\u093e\u091f\u0947\u0902 (collective voice)  \u092c\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0924\u0915, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0941\u0932\u0948\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0942\u0902\u091c \u0909\u0920\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0942\u0902\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092e\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947, \u0909\u0920 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 (people\u2019s movement) \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/em><\/strong>(\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u092a\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915\u0932\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964
Photo Credit : https:\/\/nivarana.org\/vital-signs\/healthcare-as-a-peoples-movement-the-story-of-shaheed-hospital<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u092e. \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 (iron ore mining) \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0927\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0926\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0939\u0930\u093e (Dalli Rajhara, Chhattisgarh) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0920\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091c\u0940\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0939\u0938\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0924\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 … <\/p>\n

\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 “\u091c\u0928-\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e: \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11","category-13"],"yoast_head":"\n\u091c\u0928-\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e: \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 - \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srotefeatures.in\/srote\/2026\/04\/\u091c\u0928-\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928-\u0915\u0947-\u0930\u0942\u092a-\u092e\u0947\u0902-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u091c\u0928-\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e: \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 - \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u092e. \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 (iron ore mining) \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0927\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0915\u0940 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